SENSE, REFERENCE, AND DENOTATION

Understanding meaning in semantics requires more than just
knowledge of dictionary definitions. Meaning in language is
frequently more complex than just matching words to meanings. The
meaning of a word is often determined by how it relates to the real
world. For example, while the phrase "President of Indonesia" has a
defined meaning as a political job, the person to whom it refers can
change throughout time. This demonstrates that meaning is not only
about what a word signifies, but also about what it refers to in a
certain scenario.
To describe this complexity, semantics employs three fundamental
concepts: sense, reference, and denotation. These notions allow us to
describe meaning more clearly and systematically.